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Typhula quisquiliaris
''Typhula quisquiliaris'', commonly known as the bracken club, is a species of club fungus in the family Typhulaceae. It produces small, white fruit bodies up to in height, each with a single distinct "head" and "stem". The head is fertile, while the stem attaches to a sclerotium embedded in the substrate. The fruit bodies grow from dead wood, and strongly favours bracken, where the species feeds saprotrophically. Though ''T. quisquiliaris'' was described under a different name by James Sowerby in 1803, the specific name ''quisquiliaris'' was sanctioned in 1821 by Elias Magnus Fries, and the species was moved to the genus ''Typhula'', which resulted in its currently accepted binomial name by Paul Christoph Hennings in 1896. The species has been recorded in Europe and north Africa.
==Taxonomy==
''Typhula quisquiliaris'' was first described by James Sowerby in 1803 as ''Clavaria obtusa''. However, this name was found to be illegitimate,〔 as it had already been given to a different species by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1797.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Clavaria obtusa'' Pers. 1797 )〕 The species was given its sanctioned name several years later by Elias Magnus Fries, in his 1821 ''Systema Mycologicum''. Fries named the species ''Pistillaria quisquiliaris'', having previously (in 1818) named it ''Clavaria quisquiliaris''.〔 The specific name ''quisquiliaris'' is from the Latin meaning "pertaining to refuse".〔 In the same year, Samuel Frederick Gray reclassified Sowerby's ''Clavaria obtusa'', naming it ''Geoglossum obtusum''. Fries's name was taken up as the valid one, however, and in 1896, Paul Christoph Hennings transferred the species to ''Typhula'', giving the species the name by which it is known today.〔 However, the name ''Pistillaria quisquiliaris'' was sometimes used into the 20th century. For instance, Carleton Rea used it in a 1922 publication. The species is commonly known as the bracken club.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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